Strategies for Building Effective Relationships Essay Example for Free

Strategies for Building Effective Relationships Essay Building effective relationships requires time and effort. The most effective relations take many forms and are fruitful, effective and satisfying. This only occurs when the parties involved cultivate a level of high trust in their relationships, also called inter-dependence. For this paper we will discuss the basic skills that a leader must possess in order to succeed in building effective relationships. We will also discuss some of the methods used to build effective relationships with superiors and peers. Finally we will look at the role of the leader in different participatory management methods. Leader Skills These features not only facilitate a relationship to mature and deliver exceptional results, but just as importantly, they also preclude a relationship from unravelling under the weight of confusion and external stimuli – a vital aspect in today’s fast-paced and ever-changing world Anyone coming up thru the ranks in the military and in the civilian sector knows that in order for a leader to be successful that they must possess certain leadership skills. Although not all inclusive, these skills will set up a leader to be successful. These skills include: organization and time management, selling skills, resource acquisition and management, technologically savvy, persuasive and negotiating skills, and ethics (Javitch, 2009). Companies are not only looking for leaders who will be able to take over and get the job done, they are looking for leaders with the ability to be organized. Keeping everything running smoothly is part of a good leader. This includes the proper manage ment of time. A good leader creates and follows a schedule, leaving room for unforeseeable changes that occur. Another skill that a leader should possess are selling skills: Wheater it is a product to be sold, a business opportunities or a new processes, a good leader must be able to sell the item or idea both inside and outside the organization. The next skill a leader should possess is resource acquisition and management: In today’s shrinking markets, the ability to locate and effectively use assets goes a long way towards the success of process implementation. This includes knowing how to manage these  processes in order to succeed. Continuing with skills that leaders should possess is knowledge of a leader being technologically savvy. This requires a leader to have the ability to learn and operate current technologies: This skill is of utmost importance, since software and hardware change on a regular basis. A good leader must be able to follow those changes in order to stay relevant in todays’ world of business. The next skill that leaders should possess is the ability to persuade and negotiate. A leader must be able to persuade others to execute a certain action and then negotiate the terms. These skills are important in both the selling of products and convincing other leaders to implement a particular process or program. The last skill but certainly not the least important are ethics. Discerning the proper from the inappropriate at the workplace is getting increasingly tough, as the line separating the two keeps blurring. A leader must possess the moral ground to distinguish between right and wrong and the strength to take the appropriate action no matter the consequences. It takes a great deal of persistence and willpower to create an ethical working place, but the leader knows that it will foster the professional and personal growth in the organization as the years progress. These are just a few of the many skills that a leader must possess. A leader still has to have strength, courage, listening skills, writing skills, and a slew of others skills in order to be well rounded and balanced. While the above skills are not all inclusive, they are a good starting point for leaders. Methods for Effective Work Relation Now that we have addressed some of the skills that a leader must possess we must discuss some of the methods that a leaders can used to build effective relationships with their superiors and peers. Effective work connections create the foundation for success and fulfilment in a job. A leader can sink their career and work associations by their actions and the behaviors they display at work. No matter their education, title, or experience, if a leader cannot play well with others, they will never achieve their goals (Miksen, n.d). It can be that that if there are no effective work relationships then there are no promotions, pay increases, goal accomplishment, and job satisfaction. To build effective work relationships a leader must: bring suggestions to the table, not play the blame game, keep  commitments, share credit, don’t blind-side a coworker or boss, and help other co-workers when they need it (Miksen, n.d). Bringing to the meeting table solutions to a problem earns leaders the respect and admiration from coworkers and bosses. There are some personnel who devote an extravagant sum of time pinpointing problems, yet they offer no way to solve the problems. Anyone can find a problem, the challenging part is finding thoughtful solutions. A leader that brings solutions to the table is sought out by everyone, thus creating relationships with others. The next method to build effective work relations is not playing the blame game. A leader that does so alienates supervisors, and coworkers. Remember that as a leader you need allies at work. While it may be required to ascertain who was involved in a problem, it does not require them to be publicly identified and blamed for the failure. If a leader does this then it will create adversaries. These adversaries will, in turn, help a leader to be unsuccessful. Remember that as a leader one of the skills that you must possess is to be organized and a m anager of time. This skill crosses over to helping build effective work relationships. As a leader you must keep your obligations. In any organization, work is interrelated. A leader that fails to keep deadlines and obligations, affects the performance and output of other employees. If a commitment cannot be kept, as a leader inform all affected employees who need to know and arrange for a new makeup date, making all conceivable efforts to honor the new deadline. Another method to build effective relationships is to share credit for ideas, accomplishments, and contributions. A leader must make the effort, time, and expend the energy, to thank, reward, recognize and identify the assistances of the personnel who aided them succeed. This is a fool-proof tactic to developing effective work associations (Miksen, n.d). One more method to building effective work relationships is to never blind side a coworker, or boss. As a leader always address difficulties, first, with the individuals openly involved. If an employee learns about an issue during a staff gathering or from an email sent to their supervisor, as a leader you have just blindsided the fellow worker. A leader will certainly not construct effective work associations unless their coworkers trust them. The final method to build effective work relationships it to aid fellow workers in find their skills. Remember that each employee in a group has abilities, expertise, and knowledge. A leader  that helps colleague to harness their capabilities, increases the benefit for the organization immensely. Some of the benefits include compliment, praise, and notice contributions. You dont have to be a manager to help develop an encouraging, inspiring atmosphere for employees. Frequently carrying out these actions will cultivate effective work relationships. Partners will value you as a teammate. Superiors will have confidence that you play on the right team. As a leader you will achieve your work objectives, and you may even experience fun, acknowledgement, and personal motivation. It does not get any better than that. Leaders Role in Participatory Management Participatory management is a system in which employees of an organization take an active role in the decision-making process as it relates to the way the business operates. There are numerous methods depending on the level of participatory management a business engages in. Some examples are information management, mentoring and training management, teaching management, recognition management, and finally shared decision-making management (Rampur, 2012). In information management information is shared readily with all employees. This includes earnings and operational budgets, financial projections, as well as information related to long-term strategic planning. This method provides transparency in all business aspects and allows for employee input and suggestions. The next type of participatory management is mentoring and training management. This type of management provides ongoing training, skills development, professional enrichment and mentoring to employees at all levels. This allows all employees to cross-train in different areas of the business, take on new or additional responsibilities, and give their newfound skills a hands-on try under the supervision of a mentor. This method encourages all employees to share knowledge and information with the goal of being a diversely trained, well-rounded workforce. Another type of participatory management is teaching management. This method features a teaching component in which employees are guided on the fundamentals of the decision-making process. Employees receive insight into a particular problem, issue or strategy and the cognitive tools necessary for breaking down the issue into problem-solving components (Rampur, 2012). Using this management style,  employees continually enhance their knowledge of how the company operates and are able to bring ever-improving skills to the workplace. One more form of participatory management includes a forum in which employees are recognized regularly for their achievements and contributions. The reward approach is designed to increase performance, motivate employees and provide positive reinforcement for a job well done. Employees also have the opportunity to see how their contributions directly affect the company in a positive manner. The final method of participatory management is shared decision-making management. In this method employees participate in focus group, complete surveys, participate in brainstorming sessions and often work in self-monitored groups on specific tasks and projects. Management typically provides parameters for employees to work within and to contribute suggestions and ideas, and many also feature a formal review process to ensure every idea is weighed and vetted carefully. As a leader there is purely no healthier way to make people feel valued than to ask them openly, for their advice. A leader can pat people on the back and recognize their efforts but this is not as effective in encouraging people as incorporating them in the decision making process. Employees who play a part in deciding what to do feel a much greater amount of ownership over making it happen. Depending on the organization and the leader will determine which method of participatory management to use if any. Conclusion Leaders are many things to different people. They are the ones making decisions, communication with people, resolving issues. A leader has to have many attributes to be effective. This includes being able to cultivate relations with other people and departments, not to mention being able to lead, develop and enhance coworkers, and the organization. For this paper we have discussed the basic skills that a leader must possess in order to succeed in building effective relationships. We also discussed some of the methods used to build effective relationships with superiors and peers. Finally we looked at the role of the leader in different participatory management methods.

The Mayan Civilization In Mesoamerica

The Mayan Civilization In Mesoamerica This area is geographically varied, ranging from volcanic mountains to limestone, to rainforests. Often, these extremely varied geographic areas are divided into areas known as the Highlands, and the Lowlands, both important to the presence of trade in the Mayan civilization. The lowlands were a beautiful location, surrounded by the Gulf of Mexico to the north and west, and on the east was the Caribbean Sea. This was an area that was essential in the planting and production of crops such as maize, squash, beans, cotton, and sisal. As you can believe, the lowlands climate was very warm, and even in Rain season provided little rain. The Southern lowlands were home to rainforests and savannahs, where lakes were present and fed by the Usumacinta River. Rainfall was much higher in this area and drained towards the seas, creating essential rivers, (the Usumacinta and the Grijalva) for the Mayan people. These large rivers also provided a means for transportation. The Northern Lowlands were relatively drier, and home to small trees. This area was often an area of slash and burn agriculture. The Highlands were a more dangerous area, composed of mountains and valleys, and were shouldered on the south by the Pacific. This area was home to dangerous animals, such as Jaguars and poisonous snakes. Even though this area was more prone to natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanoes, the highlands were the Mayans source of precious metals such as obsidian, jade, hematite and cinnabar, which were extremely important in trade relations, as well as value for themselves, as burials of wealthy individuals contain items such as head dresses, necklaces and other items of value made from metals. The Mayan civilization had many advanced methods of food production. It is now thought that raised fields and terracing, field managing, and wild harvesting were needed in order to support the large populations, which can be seen through aerial photographs, and appear to be connected by man-made canals. Most commonly, maize was their primary staple, but Mayans also grew beans, squash, as well as sisal and cotton for textiles. The wax and honey production from bees was also obtained, and various alcoholic drinks were made from corn. The Mayan people are most commonly known for their development of a complex writing system, as well as the construction of large, dramatic urban centres for their people past and present. Out of all the Mesoamerican civilizations, Mayan architecture may be the most highly recognized. Definitely the most dramatic, Mayan architecture is known for its huge step pyramids, which were adapted from earlier nearby civilizations. These pyramids were built for honouring gods and past leaders, who are commonly found deep within. Often, these great pyramids were built over with new structures. Other significant buildings of the Maya were often related to religion, administration, observatories, or high ranking citizens. Buildings were created with large, careful stone placement, as well as highly decorated. Understanding this architecture allows us to understand the customs and ways of the Maya civilization. Building materials often consisted of Limestone, lime stucco, plaster, flint, and cement; as they were readily available and fairly easy to produce. Often, buildings were adorned with murals, sculptures, and short script which expressed activities that were related to the building, often presenting mythological features or impressions of their gods. This was all done through man-power, as there were no metal tools, large domesticated animals, or even wheels to move all of these materials for building. The houses of the Mayan people were located within the city limits, and are often referred to as compounds. These areas consisted of wide open parts in the middle, in which religious ceremonies were held, usually on raised platforms right in the middle, allowing all to see. Also located near the middle were administration and ball courts. Often, people higher on the social ladder were located on the inner parts of the city, closer to amenities, and had much more spacious living quarters then those of commoners. The Maya people were very interesting in their sense of keeping track of things. Large numbers of administration related buildings, their invention of the calendar, as well as their recordings on stone stelae were the evidence of progression to a real organized state. This helps with the decipherment of how the population lived in every aspect of their lives; who they worshiped and the importance to respect (often in the form of bloodletting), how they were organized as a civilization, as well as their forms of communication. A lot of the historical record of the Mayans was lost during the Spanish rule, which resulted in the burning of Mayan books. These books would have provided a lot of insight into the way they lived, as well as helpful information to deciphering hieroglyphs. The Mayan Collapse To this day, there is still a lot of debate on what actually happened in the fall of the Mayan civilization. Around 870 Ad, the southern part of the lowlands began to collapse. There was no new construction beginning, and the cities gradually became deserted. This was a result of a combination of events, and is still today not definitely answered why this happened. There are many different opinions readily available, but these were some of the most convincing I came across. One point of view was that warfare was the last string pulled in the collapse. Warfare had become widespread, and some argue that the increasing power of royalty lead to a revolt. Another view was that environmental issues led to the collapse. Over harvesting to feed the growing populations damaged the small area of land that was workable, and eventually draining the nutrience of the land. This put a huge strain on the stability of the community, and the possibility of a few droughts made it inevitable. Stanley believes that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Maya centres were abandoned, not because of burgeoning managerial costs, peasant revolts, or invasions from the outside, but because of erosion of the systems economic baseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Santley 149), Basically stating that over-harvesting of land for food every year left unfertile soil, in which nothing would grow. Another view I found interesting was by Crist, where on page 29 he suggests that with a civilization as large as the Mayan come issues such as epidemics such as malnutrition and disease which could be triggered by the infertile land not being able to produce for the ever-growing population of the Maya. I could see this to also be a contributing factor, as they really did not have any way to treat disease, or any solutions to malnutrition when you combine it with the potential environmental issues at the time. I believe that any of the previous situations could have easily dispersed if not ended the Maya civilization, and a combination of the proposals out there would have definitely been detrimental In my opinion, the Maya people were extremely advanced people. As a group, they were very knowledgeable farmers, and used their land to their advantage. Their ability to extract gems and metals and create semi=precious pieces that were highly valued really put them on top with trade relations. Although we have seen substantial structures in the past, the Maya structures were enormous, and highly decorated. The power and respect that Nobelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s had to construct these types of structures must have been amazing, as well as the respect required for the cooperation needed for the labour of these cities. The Mayan were highly intelligent, as they were able to build on Olmec civilization and come up with their own original calendar system, hieroglyphic writing, as well as astronomy. These three areas are still very much a part of our education today, and I believe that even though it may seem farfetched, that the Maya had a significant impact on how our calendars and interpret ation of astronomy was constructed to be what it is today.

SWOT Analysis of Ultra Tech Cement Industry

SWOT Analysis of Ultra Tech Cement Industry The SWOT analysis about Ultra Tech cement and its position in the market. The company is one of the best in the cement industry, analysing it through the different framework of analysis in order to judge the actual situational and industrial position of the company in order to find out how actually is the company doing. The company is facing a lot of problem regarding its promotion and marketing techniques due to which it faces a short of awareness in the market due to which people are not aware of the product but instead of all the problems it is quite stable and maintain its position in the market. After performing Swot analysis of the company by reviewing porters 5 forces and pestel analysis companys strategic standing and positioning have been analysed. Currently the company is having a better standing as threat of entry is very low due to high initial funds required to establish the factory setup. Contents INTRODUCTION: Ultra Tech is Indias biggest exporter of cement clinker. The companys production plants have increase across eleven integrated area, one white cement plant, twelve grinding units and five terminals four in India and one in Sri Lanka. Most of the plants have ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certification. In addition, two plants have outcome ISO 27001 certification and four have received SA 8000 certification. The process of certification is at present started for the left over plants. The company exports over 2.5 million tons per annum, which is about 30 per cent of the countrys total exports. The export market comprises of countries around the Indian Ocean, Africa, Europe and the Middle East.ÂÂ  Export is a pressure area in the companys strategy for growth. Worlds top 10 cement companies comprises of Ultra Tech Cement Limited. The company has an annual capacity of 48.8 million tones, and manufactures and markets ordinary There is blast furnace slag cement and There is Pozzol ana cement. The companys subsidiaries are Dakshin Cements Limited, Harish Cements Limited; there is Ceylinco (P) Limited and Ultra Tech Cement Middle East Investments Limited. (Kalesh, 2009) SWOT ANALYSIS: STRENGTHS: Cement demand has grown in tandem with strong economic growth derived from: Growth in housing sector (over 30%) key demand driver. Infrastructure projects like ports, airports, power projects, dam irrigation Projects. National Highway Development Programme. Bharat Nirman Yojana for rural infrastructure and rise in industrial projects. Production The companys production facilities are spread across 11 integrated plants, one white cement plant, 12 grinding units and 5 terminals, 4 in India and one in Sri Lanka. High quality cement production is increasing annually.ÂÂ  Annual production capacity is 23.10 million tones. Use of high-end equipment such as the Gamma Metrics Machine and the X-ray Analyser ensures that each product passing out of company. There is manufacturing facility adheres to global standards of quality andÂÂ  performance. Logistics: Ultra Tech Can directly deal with the limestone tenders and thus the middle man do not affect its cost. Company use the local transporters which provide the efficient transportation cost. Thereby reducing the extra expense and making cement more economical for the local man to afford. Plantation: Ultra techs manufacturing plant uses ultra-modern technology and imported machinery. Companys Unit at Koala is the only Unit in this sector in India to have a desalination plant. It is used for meeting the water needs of the plant and the colony. The waste gases from the cooler are used in the desalination plant. that makes the product recyclable and environmental friendly thereby contributing to the environment. The Ultra Tech cement manufacturing the greenbelt at companys Units is simply awesome and is surrounded by trees all around. At some points, company is advancing to achieve the skyline. Only the leaves and the flowers and hear the cacophony of the birds.ÂÂ   Companys CSR (corporate social responsibility) activities extend to 127 villages, in proximity to its plants, across the country. (William B. Werther, David B. Chandler, 2010) Brand Positioning: In the world, Aditya Birla Group is the eighth largest cement player. Ultra Techs products include Ordinary Portland cement, Portland Pozzolana cement and Portland blast furnace slag cement. The company exports over 2.5 million tons per annum, which is about 30 per cent to the countrys total exports. Ordinary There is cement is the most commonly used cement for a wide range of process. Applications cover dry-lean mixes, general-purpose ready-mixes, and even high strengthÂÂ  pre-cast and pre-stressed concrete. OPC(ordinary Portland cement) is used for applications, such as commercial buildings, industrial constructions, Multi storied complexes, cement concrete roads and heavy duty floors. PPC ( Portland Pozzolana cement )cement is used forÂÂ  big construction like dam and thermal powerÂÂ  plant. Distribution Channels: Ultra Techs distribution network is very widely spread out in the country with over 5,500 dealers and 30,000 retailers with its strong distribution channels currently Ultratech is starting to acquire a strong positioning in the market giving head on competition to its rivals. Quality: All the plants of Ultra tech are ISO 14001 Environment Management Systems certified sustain toÂÂ  OHSAS 18001 standards. Clean technologies and processes that combine economic progress and sustainable environment are adopted by the company for better performance. There is plants at Awarpur and Ratnagiri in Maharashtra; There is Jafrabad and Magdalla in Gujarat; Hirmi in Chhattisgarh; Arakkonam in Tamil Nadu; Tadipatri in Andhra Pradesh; Jharsuguda in Orissa and DurgapurÂÂ  in West Bengal.ÂÂ  They have won the Capexil Certificate of Export Recognition Top Exporter -Cement, Clinker, Asbestos and Cement Products for the years 2000, 2002 and2003. Bhartiya Udyog Ratan Award presented to Sh. KYP Kulkarni By Indian Economic Development Research Association (IEDRA) for good quality of cement to customer, New Delhi in 2004. (Narayanan, 2007) WEAKNESSESS: Cement Industry is highly fragmented and it is also highly regionalized and Low value commodity makes transportation over long distances uneconomical. Not available in all the places: Ultra tech is not available at all the places as it is not manufactured at all places and all plants are not available everywhere due to which people cannot find it everywhere hence the profit margins are affected to a greater extend. Human Resource: Due to openness in the Ultra techs work culture which is very informal that does not suit forÂÂ  better management in corporate . The environment being very informal affects the management a lot as being the management they have to maintain a distance and discipline but due to the openness there is no such thing and they face a lot difficulty to control. And Ultra tech has insufficient man power due to its easy recruiting and selection method. Marketing: Lack of awareness program for consumers due to low promotion mix: the company faces the problem of proper promotion due to which the customers doesnt know much about the product resulting into less sales of the product instead of being a good product. Lack of marketing mix: ÂÂ  the company suffers with the problem of proper marketing mix which in return results into the whole confusion state and the product does not reach to the customers properly and in fact a lot of them dont know about it also. Delay in supply: the company being situated in the outer parts of the city and its plant not being located in every city causes delay in the supply of the product. (Porter, 1988) Health: Highly dusty environment at the time of dumping the cement is hazardous forÂÂ  health. It affects humans respiratory system adversely. Ultra tech is therefore not contributing to society as its corporate social responsibility remains unfulfilled due to many hazards. Others: Cement industry is highly fragmented and regionalized as Low value commodity makes. As transportation over long distances is uneconomical for value sector, so cost of transporting cement is high and this keeps cement from being profitable over long distances. In other talks, shipping cement costs more than the profit from selling it. PESTEL ANALYSIS: Analysing the above through pestel framework Ultratech was highly affected by the environmental factors. As cement plants are very harmful for the environment causing a lot of pollution and is harmful for the health of human being hence proving that the environmentally it is not good and hence its plants all are made to be situated outside the city where the population rate is low or no population. So Ultratech is bearing great difficulty in managing the environment along with the health issues. OPPORTUNITIES: With the low per capita consumption of cement in India 102 kg compared to the global average of 260 kg and the emphasis on infrastructure development, Ultra tech has ample opportunity to ride the growth curve. Ultratech can develop new marketing area. It can sign MOUs (memorandum of understanding) withÂÂ  government regarding supply of cement forÂÂ  government work. Ultratech can also maintain the position of competition in the market. Institutional market like corporate and offices, school society complexes are growing in large scale, which will increase the requirement. People are opting for more stable structures and good future, so large use of cement is taking place, so government isÂÂ  spending heavily on infrastructure project as Indian industry base is growing rapidly Thus, this is the right time to fully invest in these market. There is regular demand of cement which in turn will increase foreign investment in this sector. As roadsÂÂ  transformation proce ss is going on throughÂÂ  which the traditional method of road building will be convert by modern concrete roads. Substantially lower per capita cement consumption as compared to developing countries (1/3 rd of world average) Per capita cement consumption in India is 82 kgs against a global average of 255 kgs and Asian average of 200 kgs. For green field capacity 20 million tons per annum will be required to match the demand in pipeline for other two years leading to favourable demand supply scenario. (verma, 2008) THREATS:ÂÂ   As huge cement industry emerge there is more competition for ACC (Associated Cement Companies) to carefully enhanced its price , product and at the same time satisfy its dealers and customers. Cheap priced brand are capturing like a mushroom to lower income customerÂÂ  base. Players such as Jaypee Cement, Prism Cement, and Birla cement. ACC cement are eating up considerable market share. Due to India satisfy growth many new international cement companies are expected in coming years which will bring enormous change and can start price war. Government intervention to adjust cement prices Transportation cost is upgrading. Due toÂÂ  loading restriction there is overloading industrialist shows increase in costs due to the shortage in coal industry. Many retailers are influence by better profit margin, andÂÂ  other Benefits because of small industries increase competition among them, which in turn give heavy discount to customer and start malpractices. Timber is also being considered as one of the substitutes of cement, which is cheap and long lasting. Due to continuous attack of earthquake, many countries like Japan, Indonesia, Singapore etc are now using timber in construction since those areas are high earthquake affected. (Kalesh, 2009) PORTERS 5-FORCE MODEL(THREAT) ANALYSIS: Analysing the above through the five forces framework: Threat of New Entrants: TheÂÂ  high costs are major entry barrier for the entry of new players. The high shipment costs make it difficult to import cement. Cement being a high volume low value commodity results in high goods costs, which makes cement imports economically unlikely. Domestic Cement industry is highly integrated from global cement markets. Making cement duty free, as cement is being imported from neighbouring countries. However, due to logistics issues and lack of port, handling capabilities, imports of cement will remain negligible and do not pose a threat to domestic industry of Ultratech. Competitive rivalry between existing players: Previously the rivalry was strong among the players, as the industry was not consolidated. During the last few years the industry has become more consolidated with the Top 3 players Ultratech is having a combined market share of 49 percent in 2005-06 as compared to 32 Percent in 1999-2000. (Porter, 1988) Its competitive analysis is as follows: Domestic players competing Ultratech are: Associated Cement Companies Ltd (ACCL) Associated Cement Companies Ltd manufactures ordinary Portland cement, composite cement and special cement and has begun offering its marketing expertise and distribution facilities to other producers in cement and related areas. The company plans capital expenditure through expansion of existing units and/or through acquisitions. Birla Corp Birla Corps product portfolio includes acetylene gas, auto trim parts, casting, cement, jute goods, yarn, calcium carbide etc. The cement division has an installed capacity of 4.78 million metric tones and produced 4.77 million metric tones of cement in 2003-04. The company has two plants in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan and one each in West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh and holds a market share of 4.1 per cent. Going forward, the company is setting up its captive Power plant to remain cost competitive. Madras Cements Madras Cements Ltd is one of the oldest cement companies in the southern region and is a part of the Armco group. The company is engaged in cement, clinker, dolomite, dry mortar mix, limestone; ready mix cements (RMC) and units generated from windmills. Lafarge India Lafarge India Pvt Ltd, a subsidiary of the Lafarge Group, has a total cement capacity of 5 million tonne and a clinker capacity of 3 million tonne in the country. Lafarge commenced operations in 1999 and currently has a market share of 3.4 per cent. It exports clinker and cement to Bangladesh and Nepal. It produces Portland slag cement, ordinary Portland cement and Portland Pozzolana cement. Grasim-Ultra Tech Cemco Grasims product profile includes viscose staple fiber (VSF), grey cement, white cement, sponge iron, chemicals andÂÂ  textiles. With the acquisition ofÂÂ  Ultra Tech, L Ts cement division inÂÂ  early 2004, Grasim hasÂÂ  now become the worlds seventh largest cement producer with aÂÂ  combined capacity of 31million tones. Grasim (with Ultra Tech) held a marketÂÂ  share of around 21 perÂÂ  cent in 2005-06. Gujarat Ambuja Cements Ltd (GACL) Gujarat Ambuja wasÂÂ  set up inÂÂ  1986 with the commencement ofÂÂ  commercial production at its 2 million tonneÂÂ  plant in Chandrapur, Maharashtra. The group has clinker manufacturing facilities at Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Chattisgarh, Punjab and Rajasthan. The company has a market share of around 10 per cent, with aÂÂ  strong foothold in the northern and western markets. ItsÂÂ  total sales aggregated US$ 526ÂÂ  millionwith a capacity ofÂÂ  12.6 million tonne in 2003-04. Gujarat Ambuja is one ofÂÂ  Indias largest cement exporter and one ofÂÂ  the most cost efficient firms. It hasÂÂ  also earmarked around US$ 195-220 million for acquisitions Cements Ltd. CONCLUSION: As India is the second largest producer of cement in the worlds many big player presents in the market after that Ultratech cement increases his market share due to the high growth rate of real estate. Because of continuously growth of ultra tech cement after little yearÂÂ  company may occur top cement manufacturer in India. After swot analysis of Ultra Tech I found that company has many strength, but few weakness also present, there are various opportunities for companyÂÂ  in IndiaÂÂ  and other Asian countries because the infrastructure is continuously developing. Company has won the best Employer award in 2007, so young generation have various career opportunities in it. Overall performance of company is increasing continuouslyÂÂ  in each sectorÂÂ  like as Production, HR, Marketing it is good for company it is soon about to establish a strong brand name in the industry due to its good quality and reputed image that is making it exclusive from its competitor s.

The Morality of Abortions Essay examples -- Abortion Moral Ethics Preg

The Morality of Abortions Abortion’s legalization through Supreme Court’s Roe v. Wade, has allowed for one in three pregnancies to end in abortion. This means that 1.5 million abortions are performed in the United States each year (Flanders 3). It ranks among the most complex and controversial issues, arousing heated legal, political, and ethical debates. The modern debate over abortion is a conflict of competing moral ideas and of fundamental human rights: to life, to privacy, to control over one's own body. Trying to come to a compromise has proven that it one cannot please all of the people on each side of the debate. Many people describe the abortion debate in America as bitter and uncompromising, usually represented on both sides by people with an intense devotion to their cause, and usually with irreconcilable positions. Many of those who are pro-choice insist that a woman's right to abortion should never be restricted, while those who are pro-life maintain that a fetus has a right to life that is violated at any stage of its development if abortion is performed. Discussions between both sides are usually very competitive, and sometimes violent, so any attempt at coming to a mutual agreement is drowned out. How can anyone hear if they refuse to acknowledge the other side, except to argue? Since the Roe v. Wade decision legalized abortion, compromises that limit or allow abortion have taken two forms: those based on the reasons for abortion, and those based on fetal development at different stages of pregnancy. The first compromise would allow abortion for extreme, or â€Å"hard† cases, w hich include rape, incest, or risk of the life or health of the pregnant woman, but not for the soft cases like financial hardship, inconvenience, possible birth defects, or failure of birth control. Compromises of the second type would allow abortions, but only until a given stage of pregnancy, which is usually much earlier than the medically accepted definition of viability- when the fetus can survive outside the womb (Flanders 8). Although compromises based on reasons for abortion have been incorporated in laws such as the Hyde Amendment, which restricts Medicaid funding for abortion to so-called â€Å"hard† cases, many people now focus on time-based restrictions. This idea is more realistic and practical than banning abortion all together since there would still ... ... who are not ready to take on the challenges and responsibilities of raising children. To have millions of poor, homeless and unhappy children in the world to cope with life’s injustices would be far more heartbreaking than extracting an embryo from a uterus. Abortion is a very complex issue that should remain a personal decision. The bottom line is that each woman should make her own decision based on her own morals and beliefs. Works Cited Alcorn, Randy. Prolife Answers to Prochoice Arguments. Portland, Oregon: Multnomah, 2001. Bender, David L. Abortion: Opposing Views. St. Paul, Minnesota: Greenhaven Press, 1997. Carlin, David R., Jr. â€Å"Going, Going, Gone.† Commonwealth 10 Sept. 1993: 6-7. Cunningham, Amy. â€Å"Who Are The Women Who Are Pro-Life?† Glamour Feb. 1994: 154-157. Driefus, Claudia., Seizing Our Bodies: The Politics of Women's Health. New York: Vintage Books, 1977. Flanders, Carl N., Abortion: Library In a Book, New York: Facts on Life, 1991. Points, Dana. â€Å"The Truth About The Abortion Pill.† Mademoiselle Oct. 1994: 106. Rubin, Rita and Headden, Susan. â€Å"Physicians Under Fire.† U.S. News & World Report 16 Jan. 1995: 52-53.

Inhibitory or Excitatory Potential Changes :: Drugs Psychology Psychiatry Medical Essays

Inhibitory or Excitatory Potential Changes Risperidone is a serotonin antagonist which blocks GABA-evoked currents in pyramidal neurons (Feng et al, 2001). Risperidone lengthens action potentials and blocks potassium current in rabbit heart muscle. In human atrial muscle risperidone decreases outward current but has no effect on inward current. It lengthens the repolarization of atrial and ventricular action potentials only at high drug levels. Risperidone reduces the membrane resting potential and prolongs action potential duration. In human heart preparations risperidone, at high drug concentrations, lengthens repolarization of atrial and ventricular myocardium. (Gluais et al, 2004).Risperidone lengthens the QT action potential of rabbit heart. It lengthens the action potential and blocks repolarization potassium flow. (Gluais et al, 2004). To decrease background noise when using a patch electrode a patch of membrane is isolated with a micropipette. This allows current measurement in the pico ampere range. The tube is sealed to the membrane by suction forming a "gigaseal" which refers to the electrical resistance across the membrane. Such techniques were instrumental in finding that ion channels are gated and modulated not only by voltage and external ligands but also by second messengers, regulatory proteins and by phosphorylation. Patch clamp recording can be used with any cell culture. Voltage dependant sodium, calcium, and potassium channels have a huge number of subtypes. Another large category is transmitter-gated channels regulated by nucleotides, intra-cellular sodium, and calcium, and GTP-binding proteins. There are hundreds of channel subtypes regulated by a variety of mechanisms. Activity of ion channels directly or indirectly affects second messenger calcium ionic concentration. Voltage-dependant calcium channels gate the entry of calcium ions and help shape the action potentials. The entry of calcium ions activates kinases, contractile proteins and ion channels. There are voltage-independent calcium channels activated by ligand binding of receptors on the outside of the cell membranes. Both receptor-linked GTP-binding protein and second messengers affect ion channel activity. Modulation of channel activity by applying agonists to the cell culture indicates a second messenger system. Patch clamp electrodes have been used on the calcium transporter channels in organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and sarcoplasmic reticulum by rupturing the cell, isolating the organelle, and inducing the membranes to form vesicles. To study microbe channels techniques are used to merge several microbes into a giant microbe large enough to attach a patch electrode to (Rudy,B. & Iverson, L, 1991). Viruses contain coding to create ion channels in host membranes.

Faking the Grade

Such as Bluetooth earphone, hiring academic gunners and buying essays online, and that the technical know-how tutorials in which the instructions of cheating are elaborated have been going viral on the Youth. According to the experts, cheating not only lose students' brains in telling right from wrong, but also caused a vicious circle that keeps constant cheating. Also, It gives multiple types of cheating, Including sabotage, plagiarism. ND bribing teachers with cash or sex. And then the documentary discusses the external factors that account for students' cheating, which virtually come from parents, news, events, society, and almost everywhere in the living world. After demonstrating an example, that a man made his career by selling his essays to students and their parents even offered to pay the ghostwriter for his works, the documentary reveals that parents have something to do with students' cheating.First, students are under much stress from parents, marks, and expectations and become vulnerable to cheat; second, according to the professor, with parents modeling, students internalize and they approach success by cheating to feel loved by their parents; third, parents look at it another way as documentary shows some parents were willing to buy cheating tools for their children. With showing many interviews with different audience, the documentary contends that cheating is related to a bigger issue, a dishonesty culture that penetrates news, events, society, and the whole world.After demonstrating two adult examples about a doctor copying other†s work for his research paper and some polices cheating for promotion, the documentary says a message is being delivered to young generation that endless pursuit of fame and fortune lead to a wrong mean—cheating to get ahead in today's dog-eat-dog environment according to the expert. Besides, Internal factors take much blame for cheating as a psychologist contends that personality is crucially responsible for cheating.In the documentary, an example of a used-to casino experienced cheater is illustrated where he pointed out that cheating is driven mostly by a risk-taking personality while prizes and marks seem less important. Moreover, according to the psychologist, people who like wearing fake brand clothes and Jewels are more likely to cheat; watching peers cheating would convince themselves to cheat under a worse style of studying, since a news is shown n the documentary that teachers changed score sheets for students to give the appearance of improved performance of the school instead of risking losing Jobs.However, this provoking behavior results in schools' fight back as it's illustrated in the documentary that teachers use high techs to catch cheaters, that schools set tests to examine students' academic integrity, and that harsh punishment would be given to cheaters with it showing the detecting tools and demonstrating examples of a girl who got accused of plagiarism because of strict rules of citing failing the exam or an unintentional mistake and of a boy who cheated getting a spot in his record with him forever.In the end, the documentary concludes by insisting a change is needed to prevent students from cheating and to cultivate a culture of honesty and integrity, after showing an example that students were devastated about their ceremony being called off due to a few students' cheating. According to the expert, reducing economic inequality, increasing students' sense of security, and eliminating the idea of dog-eat- dog environment are very means to pull the society back from dishonesty and welcome a reformation.

A Summary of Labor Economic Terms

No society can exist without work activities. People must work to earn for their living.   They work to sustain their basic needs, to have food, shelter and clothing. These actual and potential workers in the population of the industrial society constitute the labor force.Labor has been commodity in the society as various factories were established. Population of workers is greater than the available jobs. This caused injustices and abuse which eventually formed labor unions holding protests for their rights.United States, pursuing capitalism with democratic type of government, addressed these issues by establishing the Department of Labor. This government agency protects the workers’ welfare and helps to improve their working condition and to have conducive working environment.   They regularized wages and imposed additional proper benefits for the security of workers.Minimum wage is the basic amount paid for the service rendered by the employee or worker. It could be rat ed per hour, per day with eight hours period of work, per week or per month. In July 24th, 2007 under Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), the federal minimum wage is $5.85 per hour for covered nonexempt employees.Mostly, every state has own minimum wage law. The employees subjected to both state and federal minimum wage laws are entitled to receive amount which is higher.Fringe benefits come when there will either be commissions or promised wages. This is not covered under the FLSA.Some employer who do not properly pay wages according to the laws have to pay employees with right amount calculated from the difference between what the employee received and what should be he/she must receive. This is called back pay. If employer resists on paying these amount, they will be subjected to law suit and will be paying higher amount including other damages, attorney’s fee and court costs.Some employers motivate their workers by paying additional amount. Selling and production workers com monly receive it. It is termed as sales commission. It serves as incentives for increase in sales or production of manufactured goods. Other employers give commission as additional salary or replacement of the salary.Employers can hold money from employees’ earning as required by court. Wage garnishment is a legal procedure that is done to pay employees’ debt. Common case of garnishment is the case on child support.  Workers are protected from being dismissed at their current employment. Under Title III of the Consumer Credit Protection Act (CCPA), employee can not be discharge or fired out of work due to garnishment even though there were numbers of levies or proceedings needed to collect debts. Also, there will be limits on the amount of employees' earnings to be garnished. This is to ensure that the employee can still sustain his/her basic needs.Earnings subjected to garnishment are wages, salaries, commissions, bonuses, and income from a pension or retirement pro gram. Tips are not included for garnishment.The government needed contractors to build road, buildings, public schools, public transportation and other government-owned facilities. The contractors needed to employ people for this government project.   Employment Standards Administration's Wage & Hour Division of Department of Labor enforced wage requirements for government contracts. There were several laws on wage requirements.One is the Davis-Bacon and Related Acts (DBRA). Laborers and mechanics hired to work for federal and federally-assisted construction projects should be paid prevailing wages.Another law is the McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act. Contractual service employees working with the federal government should be paid with prevailing wage rates and fringe benefits.